{"id":82483,"date":"2023-08-01T09:31:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T01:31:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sbc.edu.sg\/?p=82483"},"modified":"2023-08-01T09:31:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T01:31:38","slug":"heartbeat-286-engage-article","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sbc.edu.sg\/zh\/heartbeat-286-engage-article\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6709\u4fe1\u00b7\u6709\u7406\u00b7\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e94\u7ecf\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4ea4\u7ec7\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u542f\u8fea"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"letter-spacing: 2px;\">\n<p>\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e94\u7ecf\u7ecf\u6587\u91cc\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7bc7\u5e45\u662f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ea4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u5377\u64b0\u5199\u6210\u4e66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u7f16\u4fee\u8005\u501f\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u4ea4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u5176\u64b0\u5199\u76ee\u7684\u5462\uff1fDennis R. Bratcher\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u6240\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u7942\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u2014\u2014\u9042\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e94\u7ecf\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e8e\u6469\u897f\u5728\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u9881\u5e03\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5177\u6709\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u501f\u7531\u8fdb\u5165\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u542c\u89c1\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5728\u4e3a\u5974\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u547c\u6c42\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u7942\u4e0e\u8fd9\u7fa4\u767e\u59d3\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4f0a\u59cb\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5355\u5728\u7942\u6240\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u542f\u793a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7942\u4e5f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u501f\u7531\u5e26\u9886\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u767e\u59d3\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u6765\u663e\u660e\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u4e43\u662f\u6df1\u690d\u4e8e\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8fd9\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u6545\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6\u8bb0\u4e8e\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae04\u81f36\u8282\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u9042\u66f4\u663e\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p>Bratcher\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6\u6240\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u7942\u5b50\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u501f\u7531\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91cc\u6240\u663e\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u7231\u548c\u6069\u5178\u4e4b\u56de\u5e94\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6ecb\u517b\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u9881\u5e03\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6d3b\u51fa\u8fd9\u7acb\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u5f53\u6709\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u8868\u73b0\u3002<strong>\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u5bf9\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b50\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u8d50\u4e0e\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u501f\u7740\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u767e\u59d3\u5f97\u77e5\u4f55\u8c13\u7942\u6240\u559c\u60a6\u3001\u5f70\u663e\u7942\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u77e5\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7942\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a\u4f55\u3002 <\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u897f\u5948\u4e4b\u7ea6\u7ecf\u6587\u662f\u5728\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u8fd9\u7ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u62b5\u8fbe\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u4e4b\u9645\u53ca\u81f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u9886\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u8d50\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6574\u88c5\u5f85\u53d1\uff0c\u4ece\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u8d77\u884c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6574\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u201d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0\u5341\u7ae010\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4ece\u5728\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u7acb\u7ea6\u8d77\u9996\uff08\u51fa\u5341\u4e5d\uff5e\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\uff09\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e86\u4e94\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u4e66\u5377\uff1a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u3001\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u6574\u5377\u4e66\u548c\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0\u4e00\u7ae0\u81f3\u5341\u7ae010\u8282\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u6574\u5927\u6bb5\u843d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bda\u5982David Damrosch\u6240\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u6210\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5728\u884c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u65ad\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u6d41\u7545\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u4ea4\u66ff\u51fa\u73b0\u663e\u660e\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e86\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong>\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u6253\u65ad\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u6d41\u7545\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u6210\u5168\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u51fa\u5341\u4e5d\uff5e\u6c11\u534110\uff09\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u501f\u7740\u7942\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u663e\u660e\u7942\u7684\u6069\u5178\u548c\u601c\u60af\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7ee7\u4e4b\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u9881\u5e03\u4e43\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u89c4\u8303\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7acb\u7ea6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bb0\u53d9\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5f8b\u6cd5\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e43\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u8a00\uff0c\u5979\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u53d9\u4e8b\u8005\u9042\u5f97\u4ee5\u501f\u7740\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u8868\u5f70\u7942\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u884c\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u6839\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0cRolf P. Knierim\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6574\u6bb5\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u6765\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u5728\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff08\u51fa\u5341\u4e5d\uff5e\u56db\u5341\uff09\u548c\u5728\u4f1a\u5e55\u91cc\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff08\u5229\u4e00\uff5e\u6c11\u5341\uff110\uff09\uff1b\u800cChristopher R. Smith\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u7acb\u7ea6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8bb0\u53d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5efa\u9020\u4f1a\u5e55\u3001\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u4f1a\u5e55\u4e2d\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u5907\u4e0e\u4f1a\u5e55\u4e00\u8d77\u524d\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u9694\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u4e00\u7ae01\u8282\u548c\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0\u4e00\u7ae01\u8282\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u4ece\u4f1a\u5e55\u91cc\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\u201d<br \/>\n\uff08\u5229\u4e001\uff0c\u81ea\u8bd1\uff09\u548c\u201c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u5728\u897f\u5948\u7684\u65f7\u91ce\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u5e55\u91cc\u5bf9\u6469\u897f\u8bf4\u201d\uff08\u6c11\u4e001\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u53e5\uff08formula\uff09\u5728\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u5c31\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u524d\u540e\u5bf9\u79f0\uff08inclusio\uff09\u53c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f1a\u5e55\u7684\u5957\u53e5\uff0c\u6b63\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u8fd9\u5377\u4e66\u7684\u201c\u4e66\u7acb\uff08book stand\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5355\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u867d\u662f\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5377\u4e66\uff1bKnierim\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u897f\u5948\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u4e8e\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u771f\u662f\u4e94\u7ecf\u2014\u2014\u4e94\u5377\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff01<\/p>\n<h3>\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u88c1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u91cc\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u53d9\u4e8b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4f8b\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u6574\u5377\u4e66\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u516b\u81f3\u5341\u7ae0\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae010\u81f312\u300123\u8282\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u8fd8\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u7ed3\u6784\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u7684\uff01\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4eea\u793c\u6761\u4f8b\u4ea4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u4ecb\u6027\u8bf4\u8bdd\u5957\u53e5\uff08introductory speech formula\uff09\u201d\u662f\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1bTerence E. 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